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“O livro didático(...) tem sido apontado como o grande vilão do ensino no Brasil. Diante dos grandes problemas educacionais, dos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais e do baixo desempenho dos alunos em testes padronizados, muitos educadores apontam o livro didático como o grande obstáculo a impedir mudanças significativas nas salas de aula. Alguns chegam a afirmar que ele deve ser simplesmente retirado do alcance do professor para que as mudanças possam de fato ocorrer”. Nélio Bizzo (1999)

Achei bastante interessante essa citação de Bizzo e resolvi escrever algumas linhas sobre o que penso a respeito:

Não concordo com a afirmação de Bizzo de que o livro seja o grande vilão da problemática da educação no Brasil. Penso que o problema é bem mais complexo. Vai desde a implantação de uma política educacional realmente séria onde, quem dita as reformas tenham pelo menos conhecimento prático de uma sala de aula (e onde não sejam somente um profissional técnico), onde as reformas implantadas dessem tempo de serem "digeridas" pelos professores e onde esses fossem realmente preparados – que essas reformas visassem realmente a melhoria da educação e não servissem a interesses de grupos -, e que não ocorressem umas atropelando as outras. Onde as verbas aplicadas para essas reformas fossem realmente gastas com critérios – sendo distribuídas com antecedência, e não na “hora da morte”, para serem gastas e mostrarem resultados rápidos - , e onde os professores fossem realmente valorizados enquanto profissionais. O livro não pode ser o responsável pelo “fracasso” na educação brasileira. As escolas tem uma parcela de culpa desse fracasso quando adotam livros distantes do seu projeto institucional e quando utilizam de forma inadequada desses livros. Quanto à retirar o livro do professor, também não concordo, pois, quando o professor passa a aproveitar de textos que lhe agradam retirando-os de um e outro livro ou revistas, e pede para que os alunos estudem esses conteúdos para uma avaliação, correm o risco de misturar projetos dos autores, confundindo os alunos e prejudicando a aprendizagem. Claro, o livro didático não pode ser uma escora onde se vá apoiar toda a prática do ensino e aprendizagem, dado os tantos recursos hoje disponíveis para que nós educadores possamos trabalhar, principalmente em se tratando dos recursos tecnológicos. Mas o livro didático ainda continua sendo um importante aliado em nossas atividades docentes. À critério de análise, observei alguns livros didáticos adotados por nossa escola e me chamou atenção uma coleção de geografia utilizado por uma colega e percebi que esse livro é bem contextualizado. A metodologia utilizada é bem interessante para o professor e para os alunos, abordando assuntos bem atuais, como a problemática do mundo globalizado, a questão da preocupação com a ação humana diante do uso e da preservação do meio ambiente, a questão da luta da minoria discriminada, da posse e acesso aos bens por uma minoria privilegiada em detrimento de uma maioria excluída e; essa coleção ainda trás interessantes propostas de trabalho interdisciplinar e de pesquisa. Claro, todo livro apresenta exceções, mas, na prática, ele será útil na melhoria da educação brasileira na medida em que for bem escolhido, dependendo também da atitude do professor diante do seu uso em suas aulas.

Por: Valdeni Francisco - às 00:35 de 8/4/2007

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